With the start of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1700s, printing technology improved rapidly and more publications were distributed and seen. The creation and distribution of woodcuts and engraved prints brought images, ideas, and entertainment to a wide audience and provided people outside the upper class the possibility of experiencing art. Starting In the 14th century, artists of the Renaissance presented new music, literature, art, and publications that could be mass-produced and distributed due to the invention of a mechanical printing process by Johannes Gutenberg in 1452. Monasteries were the centers of cultural, educational, and intellectual activities and studio spaces called "scriptoria" were provided for writing, copying, and illuminating books. Christian belief in the sanctity of religious writings was the primary reason for the preservation and copying of books.
In the Middle Ages, narrative pictorials appeared in illuminated manuscripts. Illustrative wall paintings and floor mosaics were created to decorate the homes of the wealthy and powerful. Illustrations of heroes and festivals, mythological tales and literature, funeral scenes and sporting events were drawn and incised onto ceremonial vessels. In the ancient civilizations of Greece and Italy, art flourished to honor gods, humankind, and the cultures themselves. These images featured pictorial representations or logograms in succession, which detailed important events.
The earliest recorded illustrations appear in the cave paintings created in Lascaux, France, ca.15,000 B.C. Throughout history, humankind has used narrative images to tell stories. The history of illustration across cultures and time periods is explored in this section, from early cave paintings to today's most advanced digital explorations.
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